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Scholastic Aptitude Test

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SAT

Scholastic Aptitude Test

Northside TutoringEst. 2000

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Stanford University

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Max Pincus — Business and Economics, Foreign Language, GRE, Math, Science
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Max Pincus

Stanford University

Stanford grad, Mathematical and Computational Sciences with Economics minor. 1560 SAT, 800 Math 2. 5's on Calc AB/BC, Stats, Bio, Physics.

Angelina Guan — Math, Science, Computer Science
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Angelina Guan

Georgia Institute of Technology

Freshman at Georgia Tech majoring in Industrial Engineering. National Merit Finalist, AP Scholar with Distinction, and Westminster top 5%. Earned a 1540 SAT and 35 ACT. Received 5's on AP Calc BC, AP Stats, AP CSP, AP CSA, AP Chem, and AP Bio. Served as President of Mu Alpha Theta and received the Presidential Volunteer Service Award.

Siya Kalra — English, Foreign Language, History, Math, Science
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Siya Kalra

The University of Chicago

First-year at UChicago, Business Economics and Computer Science. AP experience in Biology, Chemistry, Stats, Calc AB/BC, English, Latin.

Khushi Sharma — Computer Science, Math
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Khushi Sharma

Georgia Institute of Technology

Westminster 2022 grad, Georgia Tech BSMS in Computer Science. 36 ACT, 1580 SAT. National Merit Scholar.

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35 Hard SAT Math Questions

Think you can beat these?

Compiled by our tutors from real Algebra and Advanced Math questions at the hardest difficulty level tested on the SAT. Attempt each one, then reveal the answer and a full explanation.

Algebra — 18 Questions

Algebra · Linear equations in one variable · Hard

Question 1. 12x + 284s13 = r(x − 8)
In the given equation, s and r are constants, and s > 0. If the equation has infinitely many solutions, what is the value of s?

Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: 403

For a linear equation in one variable to have infinitely many solutions, the coefficients of x must be equal on both sides, and the constant terms must also be equal. Rewriting the left side gives 3x + 7 − s13 = rx − 8r. Matching x-coefficients gives r = 3. Matching constants gives 7 − s13 = −8(3) = −24, so s13 = 31, and s = 403.

Algebra · Linear equations in two variables · Hard

Question 2. The table gives the coordinates of two points on a line in the xy-plane: (k, 13) and (k + 7, −15). The y-intercept of the line is (k − 5, b), where k and b are constants. What is the value of b?

Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: 33

The slope between the two given points is −15 − 13(k + 7) − k = −287 = −4. Using the point (k, 13) and the y-intercept (k − 5, b): −4 = 13 − b5. Multiplying both sides by 5 gives −20 = 13 − b, so b = 33.

Algebra · Linear equations in two variables · Hard

Question 3. The graph of the equation ax + ky = 6 is a line in the xy-plane, where a and k are constants. If the line contains the points (−2, −6) and (0, −3), what is the value of k?

  • A. −2
  • B. −1
  • C. 2
  • D. 3
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: A

Rewriting ax + ky = 6 in slope-intercept form gives y = −akx + 6k. The point (0, −3) is the y-intercept, so 6k = −3. Multiplying both sides by k gives 6 = −3k, so k = −2.

Algebra · Linear equations in one variable · Hard

Question 4. Hector used a tool called an auger to remove corn from a storage bin at a constant rate. The bin contained 24,000 bushels of corn when Hector began to use the auger. After 5 hours of using the auger, 19,350 bushels of corn remained in the bin. If the auger continues to remove corn at this rate, what is the total number of hours Hector will have been using the auger when 12,840 bushels of corn remain in the bin?

  • A. 3
  • B. 7
  • C. 8
  • D. 12
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: D

In 5 hours the auger removed 24,000 − 19,350 = 4,650 bushels, a rate of 4,6505 = 930 bushels per hour. Solving 24,000 − 930x = 12,840 gives x = 12.

Algebra · Systems of two linear equations in two variables · Hard

Question 5. ax + by = 72
6x + 2by = 56
In the given system of equations, a and b are constants. The graphs of these equations in the xy-plane intersect at the point (4, y). What is the value of a?

  • A. 3
  • B. 4
  • C. 6
  • D. 14
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: D

Multiplying the first equation by −2 gives −2ax − 2by = −144. Adding this to the second equation gives (−2a + 6)x = −88. Since x = 4 at the intersection, (−2a + 6)(4) = −88, so −2a + 6 = −22, giving a = 14.

Algebra · Linear functions · Hard

Question 6. The cost of renting a backhoe for up to 10 days is $270 for the first day and $135 for each additional day. Which of the following equations gives the cost y, in dollars, of renting the backhoe for x days, where x is a positive integer and x ≤ 10?

  • A. y = 270x − 135
  • B. y = 270x + 135
  • C. y = 135x + 270
  • D. y = 135x + 135
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: D

The cost is $270 for the first day plus $135 for each of the remaining (x − 1) days: y = 270 + 135(x − 1), which simplifies to y = 135x + 135.

Algebra · Linear inequalities in one or two variables · Hard

Question 7. Adam's school is a 20-minute walk or a 5-minute bus ride away from his house. The bus runs once every 30 minutes, and the number of minutes, w, that Adam waits for the bus varies between 0 and 30. Which of the following inequalities gives the values of w for which it would be faster for Adam to walk to school?

  • A. w − 5 < 20
  • B. w − 5 > 20
  • C. w + 5 < 20
  • D. w + 5 > 20
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: D

Taking the bus takes w + 5 minutes in total (wait time plus the ride). Walking is faster exactly when w + 5 > 20.

Algebra · Systems of two linear equations in two variables · Hard

Question 8. 25x + 75y = 27
gx + ky = 52
In the given system of equations, g and k are constants. The system has infinitely many solutions. What is the value of gk?

Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: 2/7 (also accepted: .2857, 0.285, 0.286)

Multiplying the first equation by 354 gives 72x + 494y = 52, which matches the second equation, so g = 72 and k = 494. Therefore gk = 7/249/4 = 27.

Algebra · Systems of two linear equations in two variables · Hard

Question 9. 7x + 6y = 5
28x + 24y = 20
For each real number r, which of the following points lies on the graph of each equation in the xy-plane for the given system?

  • A. (r, −6r7 + 57)
  • B. (r, 7r6 + 56)
  • C. (r4 + 5, −r4 + 20)
  • D. (−6r7 + 57, r)
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: D

Dividing the second equation by 4 gives 7x + 6y = 5 — identical to the first equation, so any point that satisfies one satisfies both. Substituting r for y and solving for x gives x = −6r7 + 57, so the point is (−6r7 + 57, r).

Algebra · Linear equations in one variable · Hard

Question 10. x(r − 9) + 4 = 19x + 27
In the given equation, r is a positive integer. If the given equation has exactly one solution, what CANNOT be the value of r?

  • A. 4
  • B. 9
  • C. 23
  • D. 28
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: D

Distributing and simplifying gives (r − 28)x = 23. For the equation to have exactly one solution, the coefficient (r − 28) cannot equal 0 — so r cannot equal 28.

Algebra · Linear equations in one variable · Hard

Question 11. Alan drives an average of 100 miles each week. His car can travel an average of 25 miles per gallon of gasoline. Alan would like to reduce his weekly expenditure on gasoline by $5. Assuming gasoline costs $4 per gallon, which equation can Alan use to determine how many fewer average miles, m, he should drive each week?

  • A. 254m = 95
  • B. 254m = 5
  • C. 425m = 95
  • D. 425m = 5
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: D

At $4 per gallon and 25 miles per gallon, the cost per mile is 425 dollars. Reducing weekly spending by $5 means 425m = 5.

Algebra · Linear functions · Hard

Question 12. F(x) = 95(x − 273.15) + 32
The function F gives the temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit, that corresponds to a temperature of x kelvins. If a temperature increased by 9.10 kelvins, by how much did the temperature increase, in degrees Fahrenheit?

  • A. 16.38
  • B. 48.38
  • C. 475.29
  • D. 507.29
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: A

An increase of 9.10 kelvins increases F(x) by 95(9.10) = 16.38 degrees Fahrenheit.

Algebra · Linear functions · Hard

Question 13. A yoga studio is offering a deal where the first session is free, the second session is half off the regular price, and the remaining sessions are at the regular price. If the regular price of a session is $25.40, which function f gives the total cost, in dollars, of purchasing x sessions using this deal, where x ≥ 2?

  • A. f(x) = 25.40(x − 1) + 12.70
  • B. f(x) = 25.40(x − 2) + 12.70
  • C. f(x) = 25.40(x − 1) + 12.70(x − 2)
  • D. f(x) = 25.40(x − 2) + 12.70(x − 1)
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: B

The first session is free ($0), the second is half off ($12.70), and the remaining (x − 2) sessions are full price: f(x) = 0 + 12.70 + 25.40(x − 2), or f(x) = 25.40(x − 2) + 12.70.

Algebra · Linear functions · Hard

Question 14. According to data provided by the US Department of Energy, the average price per gallon of regular gasoline in the United States from September 1, 2014, to December 1, 2014, is modeled by the function F defined below, where F(x) is the average price per gallon x months after September 1.
F(x) = 2.74 − 0.19(x − 3)
The constant 2.74 in this function estimates which of the following?

  • A. The average monthly decrease in the price per gallon
  • B. The difference in the average price per gallon from September 1, 2014, to December 1, 2014
  • C. The average price per gallon on September 1, 2014
  • D. The average price per gallon on December 1, 2014
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: D

Setting F(x) = 2.74 gives 0 = −0.19(x − 3), so x = 3 — which is December 1, 2014 (3 months after September 1). So 2.74 is the average price per gallon on that date.

Algebra · Linear functions · Hard

Question 15. One gallon of stain will cover 170 square feet of a surface. A yard has a total fence area of w square feet. Which equation represents the total amount of stain S, in gallons, needed to stain the fence in this yard twice?

  • A. S = w170
  • B. S = 170w
  • C. S = 340w
  • D. S = w85
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: D

Staining twice covers 2w square feet. Dividing by 170 square feet per gallon gives 2w170, which simplifies to w85.

Algebra · Linear inequalities in one or two variables · Hard

Question 16. The triangle inequality theorem states that the sum of any two sides of a triangle must be greater than the length of the third side. If a triangle has side lengths of 6 and 12, which inequality represents the possible lengths, x, of the third side of the triangle?

  • A. x < 18
  • B. x > 18
  • C. 6 < x < 18
  • D. x < 6 or x > 18
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: C

The triangle inequality gives three conditions: 6 + x > 12, 6 + 12 > x, and 12 + x > 6. Together, these simplify to 6 < x < 18.

Algebra · Linear functions · Hard

Question 17. For the function f, f(cx) = x − 8 for all values of x, where c is a positive constant. If f(2) = 35, what is the value of c?

Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: 2/43 (also accepted: .0465, 0.046, 0.047)

Since f(cx) = x − 8 for all x, setting cx = 2 gives x = 2c. Substituting into f(2) = 35: 2c − 8 = 35, so 2c = 43, and c = 243.

Algebra · Linear inequalities in one or two variables · Hard

Question 18. I = VR
The formula above is Ohm's law for an electric circuit with current I, in amperes, potential difference V, in volts, and resistance R, in ohms. A circuit has a resistance of 500 ohms, and its potential difference will be generated by n six-volt batteries that produce a total potential difference of 6n volts. If the circuit is to have a current of no more than 0.25 ampere, what is the greatest number, n, of six-volt batteries that can be used?

Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: 20

The condition is 6n500 ≤ 0.25, so 6n ≤ 125, which gives n ≤ 20.833. Since n must be a whole number, the greatest possible value is 20.

Advanced Math — 17 Questions

Advanced Math · Nonlinear functions · Hard

Question 1. The function g is defined by g(x) = |x|a − 14, where a < 0. What is the product of g(15a) and g(7a)?

Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: 609

Since a < 0, |a|a = −1. Then g(15a) = 15(−1) − 14 = −29, and g(7a) = 7(−1) − 14 = −21. The product of g(15a) and g(7a) is (−29)(−21) = 609.

Advanced Math · Nonlinear functions · Hard

Question 2. Function f is defined by f(x) = −ax + b, where a and b are constants. In the xy-plane, the graph of y = f(x) − 12 has a y-intercept at (0, −757). The product of a and b is 3207. What is the value of a?

Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: 20

Substituting x = 0, y = −757 into y = −ax + b − 12 gives −757 = −1 + b − 12, so b = 167. Since ab = 3207, a = 320/716/7 = 20.

Advanced Math · Equivalent expressions · Hard

Question 3. The expression 29x + 102x(x + 51) is equivalent to px + wx + 51, where p and w are constants. What is the value of w?

Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: 27

Combining the right-hand side over the common denominator x(x + 51) gives (p + w)x + 51px(x + 51). Matching numerators with 29x + 102 gives p + w = 29 and 51p = 102 (so p = 2). Therefore w = 29 − 2 = 27.

Advanced Math · Nonlinear functions · Hard

Question 4. f(x) = ax² + 4x + c
In the given quadratic function, a and c are constants. The graph of y = f(x) in the xy-plane is a parabola that opens upward and has a vertex at the point (h, k), where h and k are constants. If k < 0 and f(−9) = f(3), which of the following must be true?
I. c < 0
II. a ≥ 1

  • A. I only
  • B. II only
  • C. I and II
  • D. Neither I nor II
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: D

Since f(−9) = f(3), the vertex's x-coordinate is halfway between −9 and 3, so h = −3. Writing f in vertex form and matching to ax² + 4x + c shows a = 23, so a ≥ 1 is false (II is not true). It also shows k = c − 6; since k < 0 just means c < 6, c could still be zero or positive, so c < 0 is not necessarily true (I is not true either). Neither statement must be true.

Advanced Math · Nonlinear functions · Hard

Question 5. P(t) = 260(1.04)(6/4)t
The function P models the population, in thousands, of a certain city t years after 2003. According to the model, the population is predicted to increase by 4% every n months. What is the value of n?

  • A. 8
  • B. 12
  • C. 18
  • D. 72
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: A

The population increases by 4% each time the exponent 64t increases by 1 — that is, each time t increases by 23 of a year. Since 23 of a year is 8 months, n = 8.

Advanced Math · Nonlinear equations in one variable and systems of equations in two variables · Hard

Question 6. x² + y² = 36
y = mx + b4
In the given system of equations, m and b are negative constants. In the xy-plane, the graphs of the equations in the given system intersect at the point (−5, y), where y < 0. Which expression represents the value of b?

  • A. 5m4 + 114
  • B. 5m4114
  • C. −20m + 4√11
  • D. 20m − 4√11
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: D

Substituting x = −5 into x² + y² = 36 gives y² = 11, and since y < 0, y = −√11. Substituting x = −5 and y = −√11 into the second equation: −√11 = −5m + b4. Adding 5m to both sides and multiplying by 4 gives b = 20m − 4√11.

Advanced Math · Nonlinear functions · Hard

Question 7. g(x) = x² − x − ax³ − x − b
The function g is defined by the given equation, where a and b are constants. In the xy-plane, the graph of y = g(x) passes through the point (0, 22), and g(−22) = 0. What is the value of b?

  • A. 23
  • B. 22
  • C. −22
  • D. −23
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: A

Since the graph passes through (0, 22), g(0) = −a−b = 22, so a = 22b. Since g(−22) = 0, the numerator must be 0: (−22)² − (−22) − 22b = 0, or 484 + 22 = 22b, so 22 + 1 = b (after dividing by 22), giving b = 23.

Advanced Math · Equivalent expressions · Hard

Question 8. x² − cx − b
In the expression above, b and c are positive integers. If the expression is equivalent to x + b, and x ≠ b, which of the following could be the value of c?

  • A. 4
  • B. 6
  • C. 8
  • D. 10
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: A

For x² − cx − b to equal x + b, x² − c must factor as (x + b)(x − b) = x² − b² — a difference of squares. So c must be a perfect square; only choice A (4) is one.

Advanced Math · Nonlinear equations in one variable and systems of equations in two variables · Hard

Question 9. 57x² + (57b + a)x + ab = 0
In the given equation, a and b are positive constants. The product of the solutions to the given equation is kab, where k is a constant. What is the value of k?

  • A. 157
  • B. 119
  • C. 1
  • D. 57
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: A

The left side factors as (x + b)(57x + a) = 0, giving solutions x = −b and x = −a57. Their product is ab57. Since this equals kab, k = 157.

Advanced Math · Equivalent expressions · Hard

Question 10. The expression 6x⁴ + 31x² + 35 can be rewritten as (3x² + a)(2x² + b), where a and b are positive integers, or as (3x² + c)(2x² + d), where c and d are positive noninteger constants. What is the value of a + c?

Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: 15.5 (also accepted: 31/2)

Expanding (3x² + a)(2x² + b) and matching coefficients gives 3b + 2a = 31 and ab = 35, whose positive-integer solution is a = 5, b = 7. Repeating the same relationships while allowing noninteger constants gives c = 10.5, d = 35/10.5. So a + c = 5 + 10.5 = 15.5.

Advanced Math · Nonlinear equations in one variable and systems of equations in two variables · Hard

Question 11. The solutions to x² + 6x + 7 = 0 are r and s, where r < s. The solutions to x² + 8x + 8 = 0 are t and u, where t < u. The solutions to x² + 14x + c = 0, where c is a constant, are r + t and s + u. What is the value of c?

Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: 31

Completing the square on each equation gives r = −3 − √2, s = −3 + √2, t = −4 − 2√2, u = −4 + 2√2. Then r + t = −7 − 3√2 and s + u = −7 + 3√2. Since c equals the product of the new roots, c = (−7)² − (3√2)² = 49 − 18 = 31.

Advanced Math · Nonlinear functions · Hard

Question 12. A model estimates that at the end of each year from 2015 to 2020, the number of squirrels in a population was 150% more than the number of squirrels in the population at the end of the previous year. The model estimates that at the end of 2016, there were 180 squirrels in the population. Which of the following equations represents this model, where n is the estimated number of squirrels in the population t years after the end of 2015 and t ≤ 5?

  • A. n = 72(1.5)ᵗ
  • B. n = 72(2.5)ᵗ
  • C. n = 180(1.5)ᵗ
  • D. n = 180(2.5)ᵗ
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: B

A population that is 150% more each year is multiplied by 1 + 1.5 = 2.5 annually, so n = a(2.5)ᵗ for some initial value a. Since n = 180 when t = 1, 180 = 2.5a, so a = 72. The model is n = 72(2.5)ᵗ.

Advanced Math · Equivalent expressions · Hard

Question 13. Which of the following expressions has a factor of x + 2b, where b is a positive integer constant?

  • A. 3x² + 7x + 14b
  • B. 3x² + 28x + 14b
  • C. 3x² + 42x + 14b
  • D. 3x² + 49x + 14b
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: D

Each choice can be written as (3x)(x) + (7)(2b) terms, so factoring as (3x + 7)(x + 2b) gives 3x² + (7 + 6b)x + 14b. Testing each choice's x-coefficient (7, 28, 42, 49) for a positive-integer b shows only 49 works, where 7 + 6b = 49 gives b = 7.

Advanced Math · Nonlinear equations in one variable and systems of equations in two variables · Hard

Question 14. 14xy + xyz = 13yz
In the given equation, x, y, and z are positive numbers. Which expression is equivalent to y?

  • A. 4x − 3z12x²z²
  • B. 4x − 3z12x²z²
  • C. 13xz² − 4x²z
  • D. 13xz² − 4x²z
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: B

Multiplying every term by the common denominator 12xyz and simplifying gives y² = 4x − 3z12x²z². Since y is positive, y = √4x − 3z12x²z².

Advanced Math · Equivalent expressions · Hard

Question 15. The expression 4x² + bx − 45, where b is a constant, can be rewritten as (hx + k)(x + j), where h, k, and j are integer constants. Which of the following must be an integer?

  • A. bh
  • B. bk
  • C. 45h
  • D. 45k
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: D

Expanding (hx + k)(x + j) and matching the constant term gives kj = −45. Since h, k, j are integers, j = −45k must be an integer — so 45k must be an integer too.

Advanced Math · Equivalent expressions · Hard

Question 16. 3 = t9/7
In the given equation, p > 1 and t > 1. If t = p3n−1, where n is a constant, what is the value of n?

Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: 41/81 (also accepted: .5061, .5062, 0.506)

The left side is equivalent to p2/3, so p2/3 = t9/7. Substituting t = p3n−1 gives p2/3 = p(9/7)(3n−1), so 23 = 97(3n − 1). Multiplying both sides by 21 gives 14 = 27(3n − 1), or 14 = 81n − 27. Adding 27 and dividing by 81 gives n = 4181.

Advanced Math · Nonlinear functions · Hard

Question 17. In the xy-plane, a parabola has vertex (9, −14) and intersects the x-axis at two points. If the equation of the parabola is written in the form y = ax² + bx + c, where a, b, and c are constants, which of the following could be the value of a + b + c?

  • A. −23
  • B. −19
  • C. −14
  • D. −12
Show Answer & Explanation

Correct Answer: D

Writing the parabola as y = a(x − 9)² − 14 and expanding shows a + b + c = 64a − 14. Since the vertex is below the x-axis and the parabola crosses it twice, the parabola must open upward, so a > 0. Only choice D (−12) gives a positive a (a = 132).

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