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Understand cell structure and function — prokaryotic vs. eukaryotic cells, organelles and their jobs, and plant vs. animal cells — the biology background that supports ACT Science.
Understand chemical bonding — ionic vs. covalent bonds, valence electrons, and how molecules form — the chemistry background that supports ACT Science.
Understand DNA and RNA structure, base pairing, and the central dogma — transcription and translation — the molecular biology background that supports ACT Science.
Understand ecology and ecosystems — food chains, trophic levels and energy flow, the carbon and water cycles, and population dynamics — the background that supports ACT Science.
Understand electricity — current, voltage, and resistance — Ohm's law, and series vs. parallel circuits, the physics background that supports ACT Science.
Understand evolution by natural selection — variation, heritability, differential survival, and adaptation — plus the evidence for evolution, for ACT Science and biology.
Master genetics — dominant and recessive alleles, genotype vs. phenotype, Punnett squares, and non-Mendelian patterns like incomplete dominance and sex linkage — for ACT Science and biology.
Understand kinematics — distance, displacement, speed, velocity, and acceleration — plus reading motion graphs, the physics background that supports ACT Science.
Understand Newton's three laws of motion — inertia, F = ma, and action-reaction — with clear examples and the physics background that supports ACT Science.
